ABSTRACT
Diphtheria is a dreadful disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Lysogenised bacteriophages carrying toxin gene in C. diphtheriae can make the strain toxigenic. However, such phage disseminates the toxin genes to other strains when it undergoes lytic phase. As little is known about the phage diversity in C. diphtheriae in India, the present study was undertaken to investigate the prophages integrated into the genome of 29 clinical isolates of C. diphtheriae using whole-genome shotgun sequencing. Amongst these isolates, 27 were toxigenic, while 2 were non-toxigenic strains. Of the 27 toxigenic strains, all harbored known phages carrying toxin gene and two other phages with unknown function. However, the two non-toxin strains did not harbour any of the phages in the genome. It is imperative to devise prevention strategies that hinder the dissemination of toxin by prophages, as it may increase the complications of diphtheria post-immunisation.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Infertility is the common health problem in developing countries like India. Infertility has been associated with the various socioeconomic condition and anthropometric parameters. It is the matter of social injustice and inequality. Aim and Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of some socioeconomic status on the fertility in a population of central India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectioned study was done among 88 infertile couples from different infertility clinics and centers in Bhopal, Rewa, Indore and adjoining areas. Collected information through constructed questionnaire including socioeconomic status. Result:There was a positive relationship between infertility with age, education and socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Infertility is a global health problem that needs proper management and appropriate treatment. The medical and socioeconomic support for infertile couples is an important requirement.
ABSTRACT
Beta- Thalassaemia is a group of heterogenexus recessive disorders common in many parts of the world and one of a major haemoglobinopathy of wide occurrence in the Indian sub-continent. In is distributed to different degrees in different sub-populations. The treatment of this disorder is quite expensive and counseling seems to be the only way for controlling it. Genetic analysis for Beta – Thalassemia disorder is carried out by Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) technique. Blood samples of 50 cases of Thalassaimin Were obtained from patient attending Pediatrics OPD of Gandhi Medical College & Delta Pathology laboratory. Bhopal and were tested. Out of seven common â – thalassamia mutation, IVSI [ Intra Venous Sequences] nt 5] nuclentidex] (GT). Deletion 619 bp (basic pair) and Cap +1(AC) were found in population of Bhopal in 39.52%, 16.27%, 18.59% 6.97% respectively. Early detection of thalassaemia is, therefore, important not only from treatment point of view, but also for the prevention by genetic counseling.